Cách ứng dụng Keyword table trong bài IELTS Reading hiệu quả

Keyword table là một phương pháp học hiệu quả giúp bạn tối ưu hóa chiến lược làm bài thi IELTS Reading. Keyword table không chỉ giúp bạn dễ dàng xác định và tìm vị trí của các từ khóa trong bài đọc, mà còn hỗ trợ việc ghi nhớ từ vựng. Cùng IDP tìm hiểu cách ứng dụng Keyword table trong bài thi IELTS Reading hiệu quả nhé!

Keyword table (bảng từ khóa) là một phương pháp học hiệu quả được thấy Simon(cựu giám khảo IELTS) khuyên dùng. Phương pháp này giúp tổng hợp các từ khóa quan trọng trong câu hỏi và các cách diễn đạt tương tự (paraphrase) trong bài đọc. 

Keyword table là phương pháp giúp tổng hợp các từ khóa quan trọng trong câu hỏi

Một keyword table thường được chia thành hai cột chính là keywords in question và similar word in the passage. Ở cột đầu tiên, bạn ghi lại các từ khóa quan trọng từ các câu hỏi. Sau đó, dùng kỹ năng scan để tìm những từ hoặc cụm từ đồng nghĩa với các từ khoa và ghi vào cột thứ hai. Phương pháp này không chỉ giúp tìm kiếm thông tin chính xác hơn mà còn tăng cười khả năng nhận diện từ vựng và cấu trúc câu đa dạng cho bài thi IELTS Reading.

Ví dụ:

Trong ví dụ này:

• Từ khóa “more ____ lifestyle” trong câu hỏi được diễn đạt lại thành “laid-back way of life” trong bài đọc.

• Từ khóa “don’t have so much ____” được thể hiện qua cụm từ “fewer financial resources.”

Trong phần này, chúng ta sẽ khám phá cách áp dụng Keyword table vào bài thi IELTS Reading, với ví dụ từ “Cambridge 9 Test 3 Passage 1: Attitudes to language.” 

Keyword table thường được chia thành hai cột chính là keywords in question và similar word in the passage

Đề bài:

It is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. (1)Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. (2)Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.

Language, moreover, is a very public behavior so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticized. No part of society or social behavior is exempt: (3)linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.

…..

Questions 1-3

Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage?

In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, write

• YES: if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

• NO: if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

• NOT GIVEN: if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1. There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.

2. People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage.

3. Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.

Cách bước áp dụng phương pháp Keyword table vào bài IELTS Reading, như sau:

Bước 1: Dựa trên các câu hỏi để gạch ra các từ khóa chính như sau:

• 1. arguments occur about language

• 2. strongly about language education, small differences in language usage

• 3. Assessment, is affected by, the way he or she uses language

Bước 2: tìm những từ đồng nghĩa với các từ khóa đã gạch ra

Bước 3: Tạo bảng Keyword table

Đáp án:

1. YES

2. NO

3. YES

Bài tập về phương pháp tạo Keyword table được trích từ “Cambridge 9 Test 3 Passage 3: Information theory – the big idea.” 

Đề bài:

A. (31) In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1977, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realised that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometres from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.

B. It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just a year earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computer technology when still a student. (29) While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes – any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.

C. (32) This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’. The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false – which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, of the form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference – ‘noise’ – intact. 

D. Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuine information. Information theory generalises this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. (27) This rate depends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’). The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given signal strength and noise level. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up – ‘coding’ – information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity – ‘bandwidth’ – of the communication system being used. 

E. Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological feats. The Voyager spacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000 – and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. (30) Other codes have become part of everyday life – such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes – which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution. 

F. (28) Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correction, however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous. Shannon showed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to the design of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space. 

Questions 27-32

Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

27. an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information

28. an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted

29. a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame

30. details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information

31. a detailed account of an incident involving information theory

32. a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his research

Đáp án:

27. D

28. F

29. B

30. E

31. A

32. C

Bạn có thể tham khảo bảng Keyword table dưới đây:

Tạo Keyword table hiệu quả cho bài thi IELTS Reading cùng IDP

Việc sử dụng keyword table là một chiến lược học tập thông minh giúp bạn tối ưu hóa khả năng tìm kiếm và nhận diện từ đồng nghĩa, đồng thời tăng cường vốn từ vựng cho bài thi IELTS Reading. Khi áp dụng đúng phương pháp này, bạn không chỉ tiết kiệm thời gian mà còn nâng cao độ chính xác trong việc trả lời câu hỏi. 

Nếu bạn đang chuẩn bị cho kỳ thi IELTS tại IDP, bạn có thể chọn giữa hai phương thức thi: thi IELTS trên máy tính hoặc thi IELTS trên giấy, tùy theo nhu cầu và sự thuận tiện của mình. Sau khi đã quyết định hình thức thi phù hợp, hãy tham khảo các địa điểm thi IELTS và lịch thi IELTS linh hoạt của IDP, với các buổi thi được tổ chức thường xuyên mỗi tuần. 

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