Either and neither are commonly used words in English to refer to people or objects. They are often confused due to their similar structure but opposite meaning. Understanding their use depends on sentence type and the nouns that follow. Let’s explore how to use either and neither correctly in English.
1. What Does "Either" Mean?
Either is used to refer to two choices or two possible situations. You use it when you are choosing between two options or referring to a situation that can go in one of two ways.
Examples:
There are no simple answers to either of those questions.
Either you will pass the exam or you will fail.
2. How to Use "Either" in Different Structures
2.1. Either of + Object Pronoun
Use this structure when referring to one of two people or things, with object pronouns.
Examples:
I do not want either of my parents to know I lost my job.
I do not know either of them.
2.2. Either of + Determiner + Plural Noun
This structure is used to express a choice between two options and follows a determiner plus a plural noun.
Examples:
Either of the two routes is fine.
You can go to either of the two stores.
2.3. Either … or …
This structure is used to present two alternatives.
Examples:
You can either drive your car to the store or ride your bike.
You can either come with me now or walk home.
2.4. Either + Singular Noun
Use this to talk about two options, but only one is chosen. The noun must be singular.
Examples:
Either she goes or I go.
You can choose either dress.
2.5. Using “Either” in Short Responses
In conversations, either can also be used in short replies to agree with a negative statement.
Example:
A: I do not like this restaurant.
B: Either.
Note: In modern usage, "me neither" or "neither do I" is preferred.
3. What Does "Neither" Mean?
Neither is a conjunction that means "not either." It is used to negate both options in a pair. It functions similarly to either but with the opposite meaning.
Example:
They recorded two albums, neither of which sold well.
4. How to Use "Neither" in Different Structures
4.1. Neither of + Object Pronoun
This structure refers to two people or things, emphasizing that neither is involved or applies.
Examples:
Neither of us believes it.
There are two flashlights, neither of which works.
4.2. Neither of + Determiner + Plural Noun
Use this to refer to two items or people, expressing that none applies.
Examples:
Neither of the books has the answer.
Neither of the students has finished the homework.
Note: A determiner such as "the" is required before the plural noun.
4.3. Neither … nor …
Use this structure to indicate that none of the given options apply.
Examples:
Neither the blue one nor the red one is available in size 4.
I neither speak Spanish nor understand it.
4.4. Neither + Singular Noun
This structure is used to express total disagreement or exclusion of both options. It requires a singular noun and singular verb.
Example:
Neither the coach nor the captain wants to lose the game.
4.5. Using “Neither” in Short Responses
Use neither to agree with a negative statement in a short response.
Example:
A: I did not go to the party last night.
B: Neither did I.
Summary: Key Differences Between Either and Neither
Either refers to one out of two (affirmative context).
Neither refers to none out of two (negative context).
Both can be used as conjunctions, pronouns, or determiners depending on sentence structure.
Always match singular or plural nouns and verbs based on the structure used.
Understanding the role and placement of either and neither will help you use them accurately in both writing and everyday conversations.
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