In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, the question asks you to describe the information in a graph, table, chart or diagram. The information in the task could be the following types:
data
stages of a process
how something works
an object or an event
a map
Here is a useful and fun learning game to try a few times with a study partner or friend to get ready to answer Academic Writing Task
Collect lots of different examples of graphs, tables, charts, and diagrams. Try looking at the past question papers, business or academic magazines and websites.
Choose one from your collection and write a 150 word report on it, summarising all the main features.
Ask a friend or IELTS study partner to read your report, give them all of the different charts and diagrams you have. If they can choose the correct diagram/graph/table from your collection by your description of it in the report, then you have described it accurately and well!
Repeat this exercise a few times with different graphs, diagrams and tables.