每種語言都有不同的方式來描述事物，想法或感受。我們使用的單詞組合的含義對於正在學習該語言的人來說並不總是很清楚。每種文化都有一組不同的短語，這些短語在其國家/地區具有特殊含義。在英語中，我們使用片語和短語動詞來表達自己。這種習慣性用語在我們的日常交流中經常使用，因此，我們瞭解片語以及如何使用它們非常重要。
雅思口語的評估標準側重於您使用7級及以上片語的能力。在7級這裡，您將看到有關詞彙表現能力的陳述：
使用一些不太常見和片語的詞彙，並表現出一些對風格和搭配的認識，並做一些不對稱的選擇
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什麼是片語？
片語是一種短語或表達，通常具有非字面意義 - 通過閱讀每個單詞無法直接理解其含義。例如，如果你因為口語測試中獲得了8分而感到非常高興，你可能會說：“I was over the moon when I saw my results. (當我看到我的成績時，我已經在月球上空了)”。如果我們看看這些話的字面意思，我們會想到在星星之外的天空中俯瞰月亮！然而，這句話的習語含義與幸福有關 - “I was very happy when I saw my result. (當我看到我的結果時，我非常高興。)"
成語經常被母語人士以自然的方式使用，以至於它們經常被忽視，我們甚至沒有意識到我們正在使用它們，因為我們從小就聽著這些短語和表達方式長大。但是，當你是一個語言學習者時，你必須學習如何正確使用它們，這樣它們聽起來就不會不自然。您可能聽說過 “collocation (搭配)” 一詞，該術語在雅思考試中也進行了評估。搭配是指經常自然地組合在一起的單詞，並且在說話時通常按該順序使用。例如，你永遠不會說 food fast，因為字序不正確，通常你會說 fast food。 在使用慣用語時，您選擇的單詞與它們在說話時的組合順序一樣重要。
什麼是短語動詞？
短語動詞是一種復合動詞，其中動詞與副詞或介詞組合在一起。當這些短語動詞生成時，它們通常具有片語含義，並且您無法通過閱讀每個單詞的含義來理解它。例如，動詞 pick 加上介詞 up - pick up - 的組合表示 "lift (撿起)"。我們可以用這個短語動詞來要求某人撿起我們掉在地上的東西，或者我們也可以用這個表達來要求搭個順風車 - “I need a lift, can you please pick me up on the way to school? (我需要搭個順風車，你能在上學的途中接我嗎？)"
所以，正如你所看到的，我們一直在使用片語，以一種更豐富多彩的方式表達自己，這些單詞的組合就是片語。
讓我們來看看日常交流中使用的一些常見片語和短語動詞。
常見的日常片語
當我們表達自己時，每天都有成千上萬的片語和短語動詞。我將pick out（挑選）一些在日常對話中常用的。
| Student Idioms | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Day and night | Continually working without stopping | I was studying day and night for my IELTS test. |
| Drop out | To leave without finishing | She dropped out of the course because it was too hard. |
| Learn by heart | To memorise | I learned all my idioms by heart. |
| Pass with flying colours | To pass a test with a high grade | I really hope I pass with flying colours. |
| Bookworm | Someone who reads a lot | When I was younger, I was a bookworm, I just loved reading. |
| Childhood Idioms | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Brought up | Raised/developed | I was brought up in the country. |
| Child's play | Very easy to do | Learning how to play a guitar was child's play, I could do it easily. |
| Like a kid in a candy store | Very excited about something | When I arrived in the city I was like a kid in a candy store, there was so much to see and do. |
| To follow in someone's footsteps | To achieve the same things that someone else did | I followed in my mother's footsteps and became a teacher. |
| To run in the family | Qualities that are similar in family members | We are all good at maths, it runs in the family. |
| COVID Idioms | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Under the weather | Feeling unwell | I'm feeling a bit under the weather. I hope I don't have COVID. |
| As sick as a dog | Feeling very ill | I was as sick as a dog last night. |
| On the mend | Recovering, getting better | My mother was very sick but now she's on the mend. |
| Kick the bucket | To die | My father was so sick I thought he might kick the bucket |
| To show promise | To indicate possible success | The new vaccine is showing promise. |
| IELTS Idioms | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Practice makes perfect | To continuously improve by practising | My teacher said that practice makes perfect, so I need to practise more. |
| Break a leg | To wish someone good luck | I hope you do really well, break a leg! |
| Driving me up the wall | Something that annoys you | Waiting for my results is really driving me up the wall. |
| Better late than never | It's better to do something late than not to try it | I didn't know how to drive till I was 30, but better late than never. |
| Blind as a bat | Can't see, bad eyesight | I'm as blind as a bat, I really need my reading glasses. |
熟能生巧！
我們只是 "scratched the surface (觸及了表面)"（非常簡短地看了一些東西），與日常生活有關的片語不勝枚舉。我們對您的建議是傾聽母語人士的溝通方式以及他們使用的常見片語。你會留意到即便你不是完全理解意思，但他們就是在用著這些片語。不要害羞、詢問他們表達的是什麼意思，這是學習語言的最佳方式。
我們提到母語人士能自然地使用片語，但是要非常小心不要過度使用，最好確保使用與你主題領域相匹配的片語。並且、還要小心不要使用一些已經被過度濫用、甚至生硬的片語。另外、互聯網隨便一搜也有數百個成語。最好是通過與母語人士聊天或觀看英語電影，並複製使用其中的短語。另外、還要學習短語動詞，這樣你才知道哪些介詞與某些動詞得一起使用。
片語為我們的對話添了色彩，並幫助我們在 "to read between the lines (字裡行間閱讀)"（理解隱藏的含義）。通過學習更多的片語和短語動詞將建立你的詞彙量，並有助於改善你的詞彙資源。最終，它將有助於提高您的雅思分數級，測試當天獲取成功。Break a leg! (祝你好運！)
